Cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy are frequently used in conjunction for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Surgical treatment aims to remove the tumor together with any surrounding tissues that the cancer may have spread to. Ovarian cancer, however, frequently includes micrometastases—tumors that have moved outside of the ovaries to other areas of the body—in addition to a localized tumor. Surgery cannot cure micrometastatic cancer cells since it is a localized form of treatment. Therefore, either before or after cytoreductive surgery, also known as debulking surgery, a systemic treatment like chemotherapy, which involves the use of potent medications that can enter the bloodstream to reach and destroy numerous cancer cells, may be utilized. In order to determine the stage of the cancer, the gynecologic oncologist will also take tissue samples from the upper abdomen, gather small amounts of abdominal fluid, and remove a biopsy of a few nearby lymph nodes. These samples will be examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.
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