A colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It is often performed when a Pap smear result is abnormal or when there are symptoms like unusual bleeding or pelvic pain. The colposcopy allows for a detailed view of the cervical tissues and, if necessary, targeted biopsy samples can be taken for further analysis.
Preparation:
Timing: Usually performed in a healthcare provider's office or clinic.
Pre-Test: Avoid sexual intercourse, douching, or using vaginal medications for 24-48 hours before the procedure to ensure accurate results.
During the Procedure:
Positioning: You’ll lie on an exam table with your feet in stirrups, similar to a pelvic exam.
Speculum Insertion: The provider inserts a speculum into the vagina to widen it, allowing visualization of the cervix.
Colposcope Use: A colposcope, which is a special magnifying device with a light, is positioned outside the vagina to provide a detailed view of the cervix and vaginal walls.
Solution Application: A vinegar-like solution (acetic acid) is applied to the cervix to highlight abnormal areas. Sometimes, an iodine solution (Lugol’s solution) is also used.
Examination: The provider examines the cervix and surrounding areas through the colposcope for any abnormal areas or lesions.
Biopsy (if needed): If abnormal areas are found, a small sample of tissue may be taken for further examination. This is typically done using a small instrument to remove the sample.
