A cervical biopsy is a procedure used to remove a small sample of tissue from the cervix for examination under a microscope. This is typically done to investigate abnormal Pap smear results, assess suspicious areas identified during a pelvic exam, or evaluate symptoms like abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain. The biopsy helps diagnose conditions such as pre-cancerous lesions, cervical cancer, or infections.

Types of Cervical Biopsies:

1. Colposcopic Biopsy:

   • Procedure: After a colposcope (a special magnifying device) is used to examine the cervix, a small sample of tissue is taken from an abnormal area identified during the exam.

   • Preparation: The cervix is first cleaned with a solution to highlight abnormal areas.

2. Endocervical Curettage (ECC):

   • Procedure: A small brush or spatula is used to scrape cells from the inner part of the cervix (endocervical canal). This may be done during a colposcopy.

   • Preparation: Similar to other biopsy types, the cervix is prepared to highlight abnormal areas.

3. Cone Biopsy (Conization):

   • Procedure: A larger, cone-shaped sample of tissue is removed from the cervix. This is usually done if there are more extensive abnormal areas or if a more detailed examination of deeper cervical tissues is needed.

   • Preparation: This may require a local anesthetic or, in some cases, general anesthesia.