Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse, or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. It can affect both men and women and may be due to a variety of factors, including:

• Female Factors: Hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, or uterine abnormalities.

• Male Factors: Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormalities in sperm shape.

• Combined Factors: Issues affecting both partners that contribute to difficulty conceiving.

• Lifestyle Factors: Weight issues, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or high stress.

• Medical Conditions: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women or diabetes in both genders can also impact fertility.